Brick-kiln



.(No Model.) Y 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. B. GRISWOLD.

BRIGK KILN.

ATIORNEYS N W/T/VE 8E8. 02006 Tue NDRRIS warns 6a., Fume-mum. msumurau, m c.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. B. GRISWOLD. BRICK KILN.

N0. 447,151. Patented Feb. 24, 1891.

//v VEA/TOI? $nl Griswold WITNESSES ATTORNEYS J. BLGRISWO'LDV 3 Sheets-Sheet '3.

BRICK KILN.

(No Model.)

Patented Feb. 24' 1' 9-1.

A TTOH/VEY NITED STATES ATENT OFFICE.

BRICK-KIYLN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 447,151, dated February 24, 1891.

Application filed July 28, 1890. Serial No. 360,244. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, J OHN B. GRIswoLD, re-

siding at Zanesville, in the county of Muskingurn and State of, Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Brick- Kilns, of which the following is a specification.

My invention has for its object to provide a kiln for burning brick, tile, or other ceramic material in such a manner that aperfect combustion of the gases and fuel can at all times be assured, in which the products of combustion enter at thetop or bottom, and in which alternate direct or indirect up or down drafts may be used, or in which the heat can be quickly and effectively distributed to any part of the kiln, cut off at other parts, or sent through the kiln at different angles.

To this end my invention, which relates more particularly to the kiln shown and described in a patent granted to me February 4, 1889, No. 420,684, consists in certain novel features of construction and arrangement of parts all of which serve to improve the aforesaid kiln and render it more effective for its desired purposes, all of said parts being hereinafter fully described in the annexed specification, and particularly pointed out in the claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a front elevation of myimproved kiln, parts being broken away and shown in vertical section on the lines w o, y y, and z 2, Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section of my improved kiln, one of the furnaces being sectioned on the line 5 5, Fig.3, part of the kiln being shown in end elevation. Fig. 3 is a top plan view showing portions of the kiln in horizontal section, taken on the lines 1 1, 2 2, and 3 3, Fig. 2, said portions being designated by the numerals 1, 2, and 3,respectively. Fig. 4 is a top View, partly in horizontal section, of a round kiln constructed according to my improved plan.

XVhile the general construction of my improved kiln is similar to that disclosed in the patent above referred to I shall, for the sake of clearness, describe the present kiln in its entirety, and also set forth the operation and advantages of the same.

In the accompanying drawings, in which the same letters and numerals indicate like parts in all'the figures, A indicates the kiln,

which for burning brick is preferably made rectangular in shape, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and for burning sewer-pipes and tiling it is preferably made round, as shown in Fig. 4, it being understood that either form can, however, be used, if desired.

B denotes the ground foundation, which is preferably built under the entire floor-space 0f the kiln.

C denotes the main walls; D, the crown; F, the furnaces, and E E. the outlets in the crown or ceiling D.

Each end of the kiln is formed with a dooropening G. The bottom or base of the kiln is formed of three sections, of whichD' is a filling of earth placed on the foundation upon which is mounted a series of transverse fines or openings M, forming a transverse chamber which extends the entire width of the kiln. Upon these flues is supported the floor L, which is provided with a series of longitudinal openings Z, which extend over the central portion and about one-third the width of the floor.

I indicates a thin wall running around the entire kiln on the inside thereof, and joining the main Walls at the corners 1 as shownin Fig. 3. This wall extends up to within a short distance of thejceiling, and at its ends it is joined with theend walls 0 C by the tiebricks P P, which in practice are so arranged as to form openings over the end chambers I,-through which the heat passes from the said end chambers I to the interior of the kiln.

The lower portion of the kiln is formed in sections, as shown, and each section is pro-,

vided with a furnace at each end.

11 H H denote a series of parallel-arranged fines, the outer ones H of which are disposed one to each outer longitudinal side of the kiln, while the middle one H is disposed centrally of and extends lengthwise and under the slotted floor L and built through the two main end walls 0, as most clearly shown in Fig. 1. The central flue H is also built so its upper end extends through and communicates with the fiues M, being arched over so as to leave spaces the same as the said flues M. (See Fig. 23.) Said flue II is made to connect with one of fines H at one end and with a cross-flue H at its opposite end, which crossflne H connects the side fines H, as shown, and serving to connect them with the stack H V indicates valves arranged one in each end of the fine 11', where it connects with the side fine and the cross-fine H By this construction the operator can draw all fire down through the center of brick in the kiln and not allow the fire to be distributed throughout all the brick in the kiln. This arrangement is very advantageous when the brick along the heads or thin side walls I are hotter and ahead of the brick in the center part of the kiln, since it is desired to throw more heat to the brick in the center part of kiln, and in this way bring the ware in center of kiln to the same heat and same settle as along the heads or sides of the kiln, and thus produce an even heat and settle all over the kiln.

The flue H maybe used or not, as desired, by closing or opening the valves V and closing the dampers Tin the side fines H. \Vhen, however, the valves V are opened and the dampers T closed, all the fire is drawn into the flue II and out. into the tines II and H into the stack I1 and if one end of the kiln should be hotter or ahead of the other end the valve V at that end of the center fine II can be closed and the valve V at the other end opened, therebydrawing the fire to such end and out of said end into the stack, or vice versa. It will thus be seen that by the arrangement of the center flue under the kilnfioor the fire can be equally distributed throughout the kiln or the entire products of combustion drawn down through the center flue, thus providing for drawing the fire to any part of the kiln to both sides equally, or all to one side, or to one end of the kiln, and in this way secure an equal and even burn for the downdraft.

In the drawings I have shown a kiln formed of eight sections, numbered 1 to S, which sections may all be in use at one time, or any one of them may be used separately, in a manner presently described.

Each of the furnaces F upon the outer longitudinal walls C is provided with two inlet or combustion openings R S, which pass through the main wall (3, one of which S connects with the vertical fine I, while the other R connects with a downwardly-extending opening K. which connects with the transverse flnes M beneath the floor L.

The fiues M are divided into sections by extending one of the walls M of each section entirely across the kiln and connecting the same to the main walls C, asclearly shown in Fig. 3, thereby forming a short longitudinal channel M at each end of and communicating with the fines M M, and with which the openings H communicate.

The channels M which are connected with the furnaces F, are also connected by means of the short passages h with longitudinal lines it, which are provided with a series of openings 72?, which communicate with the main draft-fines II, as clearly shown in the drawings.

A pair of cut-off dampers T are provided for each section, which are locatedtooperate in the flue h, whereby the draft for any one or all of the sections maybe readily cut off.

As before stated, the inner thin wall I extends entirely around the inside of the kiln, thereby forming a chamber I entirely around the kiln, being stopped off at the corners, as shown.

It will be observed by reference to part 3 of Fig. 8, that the end fines I are connected with the slotted fioor L, by which construction it will be seen that when the dampers are adjusted to operate the kiln on an updraft a portion of the products of combustion will pass up through the slotted floorinto the end fines I and discharge over the upper ends thereof into the kiln, thereby thoroughly heating the ends of the kiln.

The corner connections 1 between the outer and inner walls arevcry essential, since were there no divisions at said corners the products of combustion, when it is desired to use a downdraft, would pass into the side chambers I from the opening S around in the end chamber down through the slotted floor into the fines M, I'Land II.

By reference to Fig. 2 of the drawings it will be seen that I arrange the furnace-openings S R one above the other instead of side by side, as in my other patentreferred to, and I divide said openings centrally by walls Y, which extend from the slotted floor L up to the top of the partition-walls I, whereby aseries of side chambers I and a series of downwardly-extending chambers K are formed. Thus it will be seen that the fire from the furnaces F in case a downdraft is employed, which is done by closing the openings R R in any desired manner, will pass through the openings S S, and, being divided by the wall Y, will pass into the chambers I upover same, down through the brick and the slotted floor into the fines II II and into the stack.

Above each of the openings S is located a damper-opening a, which communicates with the chambers I to each side of the wall Y. By this arrangement when both damper-holes ct are opened the heat will pass up into the chambers I and be equally distributed to each sid of the wall Y; but in case either one of the dampers a is closed more of the heat and products of combustion will be drawn into the chamber having the opened damper, thereby providing suitable and effective means where by I am enabled to increase the heat in one chamber and reduce it in another as the condition of the ware may require, and yet employ the same furnace-fire, and thereby regulate the heat along the thin side walls as de sired. The brick along this side wall are burn ed by radiated heat, and if one spot alon g- ITO ing the fire direct to the lines M.

side of the thin wall is hotter than another I can take the heat away from that spot and throw it to the next section by adjusting the damper-holes a, as described, thus always burning the ware along the heads or side walls to a uniform color and hardness.

The openings R R, which are located below the partition Z, which diyides the furnaces F into the upper and lower sections, as stated, open.into the fine-chambers K, thus lead- The same then passes transversely of the kiln through the perforated floor up into the kiln, and thereby burning same on an updraft, it being understood that when such a draft is used the openings S S are closed.

By extending the wall Y down to the slotted floor, as described, I am enabled to make the fire enter equally into each of the adjacent chambers K, or all into one opening R and chamber K, by bankingthe-fire in the opposite opening or closing it entirely by a fireclay block.

Each of the chambers K is formed into aseries of graduated openings K, which communicate with the fines M. By means of the openings K, I am enabled to distribute and spread the fire equally as it comes from each furnace to all the flues M under the floor between each sectional partition M, the said opening K being graduated in size, the smaller holes being made at and near the openings R R, and each one larger on each side of the partition-wall Y.

In practice I' make five openings K to each section of fiues M, between each furnace, the larger opening beingin the middle of each of said sections.

The object of dividing the flue-sections as described is that the fire entering from the openings R R at either side of partition-wall Y cannot seek the nearest way to the flues M,

but must seek all the openings K. By this means I get the solid part of kiln-fioorL and the brick at these points evenly heated.

-X is a four-inch wall made to connect the thin wall I and main wall 0, built downwardly from top of thin wall I to about the top of the furnaces, as shown in Fig. 3. Said wall, which serves to tie the two walls together, is made a little wider at its base, and at this point the several damper-holes a are made in the main wall 0.

b 1? denote small openings made through main walls 0 on each side of kiln above and below the furnaces F, which serve as combusadmitting the oxygen through the openings below the furnaces F.

E E denote openings in top or crown of the kiln, through which the fire escapes from the kiln when using an updraft. Three rows of these openings are provided the entire length of the kiln at equal distances apart, one row running through the centerof crown and one row on each side about midway between center openings and side walls (3. The central openings E are made larger than the outer rows E. By this arrangement it will be seen that when using the updraft by closing the. center row and one outer row of the openings by suitable dampers the draft can be drawn to one side, or by closing the side openings and leaving the center ones open direct updraft is obtained, or by closing some of the openings atone end and leaving the others open a diagonal draft may be obtained.

Having thus outlined the general construction and operation of the kiln, I shall now proceed to describe the iron-work used to brace and support the same.

2 indicates a T-iron laid in the brick wall 0, with the fiat side out even with the face of the wall. In each end of the T-iron there is a slot for a key. On the corners of the kiln the an gle-iron 1 has three slots made to receive the T-iron 2. After the angle-iron is placed in its proper position, the key 6-is put in the slot in the T-iron 2 and keyed up tight. This T-iron and angle-iron and key will hold the wall in its proper position, and when the kiln is under fire and the wall becomes heated from continual firing the brick-work will expand, and the iron, being also heated,will expand with the Wall. Now after the kiln has been burned the walls become cool and contraction begins to take place, the T-iron will contract with the brick, and by this means of ironing it will prevent the brick-work or the walls from cracking, thus providing the mostdurable wall that can be constructed for kilns.

3 denotes a buckstay or brace made of tw railroad irons.

t indicates a straining-rod that runs from one buokstay to the other crosswise and lengthwise of the kiln. These bracing-rods will hold the arch of the kiln in its position longer than any other way, and as no woodwork is used about the kiln all danger from fire is thereby avoided. I

In Fig. 4 I have shown a round kiln more especially adapted for burning sewer-pipes, tiling, &c., and as the construction of said kiln is substantially the same as the rectangular kiln a detail description thereof is deemed unnecessary. 7

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent,

1. Thecombination, substantially as set forth, with a brick-kiln, of the vertical flues I, extending entirely around the inside of the side and end walls, said flues disconnected at the corners 1 the longitudinally-slotted hottom L, the transverse fines M, communicating with the slotted floor-furnaces F, communicating with the fines I and M, the outer longitudinal fines II, having an indirect connection with the fines M, a central longitudinal fine II, having a direct communication with the fines M, said fine II provided with valves, whereby itniay be used in connection with the fines II or be separated therefrom, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In a brick-kiln, the combination, with the fire-chamber, of the fines I, extended entirely across the side and end walls and disconnected at the corners 1 the furnaces F, connected with the fines I, said furnaces formed with the vertical walls Y, dividing said fines 1 into a series of fines and arranged centrally over the furnace-openings, whereby such openings are divided,the slotted [1001' L, the transverse fines M under said floor, and the fines II II, connected with said fines M, all arranged substantially as shown and described.

In a brick-kiln essentially as described, the combination, with the kiln proper, the slotted fioor L, the transverse fines M, and the "discharge-fines II II, of the vertical fines I, the furnaces F, communicating therewith, the division-walls Y, extended from the tops of said fines 1 down to the fioor of the kiln and arranged to divide the month of the furnaces F, a series of vertical walls in the fines 1, extended to near the top of the furnaceopenings, whereby a series of fine-chambers I are formed between the walls Y, and a series of dampers (1, operating to close any or all of such chambers 1, whereby the ti re can be sent up one or more of the fine-ehambers I of each section or entirelycut off from such sections, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. In a brick-kiln, the combination,with the kiln-chamber, of a series of fine-chambers I, arranged in sections, each section divided by a series of vertical walls extended down to near the floor of the kiln, a series of dampers 7 if I I g I V (1, arranged to be operated from the outside of the kiln-wall, whereby any or all of the vertical ways of each fine-section may be cut off, a series of furnaces opening into the fluesections 1, the month of such furnaces being divided by the division-wall of each fine-section I, the slotted fioor L, the tranverse fines M, and the fines II II, connected with the fines M, all arranged substantially as and for the purpose described.

5. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a kiln formed with the vertical fines I in its sides and ends opening into the kilnehamber, a series of furnaces communicating therewith, a slotted floor L, a series of transverse fines M below the fioor L, communicating therewith, a central line ll, having a direct communication with the fines M, and a pair of longitudinal fines H, arranged below the furnaces and having indirect and valved connection with the fines M, said fines II II connected with each other and with the stack IF, the fine II formed with cut-offs V,whereby the said fine can be used jointly with the outer fines II or the outer fines I-I separate from the flue 11, all arranged substantially as and for the purpose described.

6. A brick-kiln consisting of the main walls, the top formed with a series of valved openings E E, the end fines 1, arranged on the inner faces of the end walls, a series of fines I on the inner faces of the side walls, said fines opening at their tops into the interior of the kiln, a series of furnaces opening into the side fines I, the division-walls Y of the side-fine series extended down to floor of the kiln centrally of the furnace-openings, a horizontal division-wall Z, dividing the month of such furnaces into upper and lower outlets, a series of fine-sections K, extending from the lower furnace-outlets to the fioor L, said floor slotted longitudinally, transverse fines M, ar: ranged in a series below the fioor L, and the discharge-fines II, connected with said fines M, all arranged substantially as and for the purpose described.

'7. The combination, with the kiln, of the end fines I, the top provided with outlets E, the longitudinally-slotted floor extended at its ends under the fines I, the fine-sections K, the furnaces F,opening into said sections K, and the transverse fines M, formed in sections and arranged in communication with the fines K and slotted fioor L, all arranged suhstantially as and for the purpose described.

8. The combination, with the kiln, of the end fines I, the top formed with draft-openings E E, the longitudinally-slotted fioor, its ends extended under the fines I, the downwardly-extending fines K, the furnaces F, opening into such fines K, the division-wall Y, dividing said fines K into sections K and arranged centrally of the furnace-opening, whereby such opening is divided, and whereby the fire from each furnace will enter the adjacent fine-sections K, and the transverse fines M, connecting the fines K with the slotted fioor, substantially as and for the purpose described.

9. A briek-kiln consisting of a main wall, a top formed with valved draft-openings E E, the end and side fines I, the centrally longitudinally-slotted fioor extended from end to end of the kiln, the fines K, located and in line with the side fines, a series of furnaces F, comi'nunicating with the fines I and K, a horizontal division-wall Z, dividing the fines I and K and the exitanouth of the furnaces in upper and lower sections S B, the vertical walls Y, extended from the top of side fines 1 down to the floor of the kiln, dividing the fines I and K into sections, and the furnaceexit into side chambers, the transverse fines connecting the fines K and slotted fioor, and the exit-fines II II, connected with the flues M, all arranged substantially as and for the purpose described.

IIO

10. The combination, with the kiln, of the fines M, connecting the fines K and the slotted end flues I, the top formed with draft-openfloor, all arranged snbstantiallyas and for the ing's E E, the centrallylongitudinally-s1otted purpose described.

floor L, the furnaces F, the downwardly-ex- JOHN B. GRIS WOLD. 5 tended fine-sections K, communicating there- Witnesses:

with, the combustion -openings 1), opening CLARENCE V. GRAHAM,

into said fine-sections K, and the transverse J UDSON P- TAYLOR. 

